Iranian Education Essay -- Iran Middle East

Iranian Education: From Modernization to Traditionalism An education system, because of its purpose as the shaper of the future, is a good indicator of what is going on within a country politically and culturally. The history of the Iranian education system showed change as the ideological values of the country shifted with each new regime change in the mid twentieth century. Iran, as a country, went from a country focused on modernization and secularization under the Reza Shah, to a country focused on traditional Islamic values under the new government established after the Islamic Revolution of 1977-791. These changes shifted the very purpose of education, its impact on women (in arguably negative or positive ways), and its literature. The shift in political focus from modernism to religious traditionalism can also be seen in how religion is taught in Iran, especially compared with different countries around the world. The history of the Iranian education system from 1907-1977 is one that is filled with problems. In 1907, Iran established a Ministry of Science and Art to control all areas of education, even religious education. In 1910, this ministry was reorganized and renamed the Ministry of Education, and given more power to set laws and guidelines for education, religious and secular. This body was not necessarily effective in setting new guidelines for Iranian schools. The main problem was overcoming was the lack of qualified, quality teachers (Szyliowicz 176- 7). After 1925, the Shah2 built many new schools and tried to revitalize the educational system. This effort was hampered again, by lack of qualified teachers (Szyliowicz 231), a lack of coherent ideology (Szyliowicz 232), and a program of edu... ...ern Iran. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1992. Rivard, Jean-Franà §ois and Massimo Amadio. â€Å"Teaching Time Allocated to Religious Education in Official Timetables.† Prospects 33 (2003): 211-217. Shavarini, Mitra K. â€Å"Misconceptions about Islam and Women’s Education: Lessons learned from the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI).† International Education. 33.1 (Fall 2003): 40(11). Gender Watch. Proquest. Univ Mass Amherst. 10 Feb 2006. . Szyliowicz, Joseph S. Education and Modernization in the Middle East. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1973. UNESCO. Integration of Technology and Vocational Education into Special Needs Education. Austria, Colombia, Iran, Tunisia. Geneva: Imprimeries Popularies, 1977. Zia, Rukhsana. â€Å"Religion Education in Pakistan: An Overview.† Prospects. 22 (2003): 165-178.

Abstract for Literature review based on Dentists’ Knowledge of Ionising Radiation dental radiography.

Abstract for literature review Despite there is a rapid growth in the technology that has myriad benefits in improving the interventions of dental health, only a fewer dentists are well aware of the risk hazards of some these modern technologies (Praveen, et.al. 2013). Large body of evidence suggests the lack of knowledge in dentists in regards to the risks associated with ionising radiation while giving dental service (Rout and Brown, 2012). More importantly, only a handful of studies have attempted to unveil the facts and current state of knowledge and awareness associated with detrimental effects of ionising radiation in Australian and Jordanian dentists. This study, through questionnaires and interviews, examined the dentists that are giving services in Australia and Jordan and assessed their knowledge of such effects that are linked with ionising radiations. The study was carried through intense literature review was carried out to collect the current background in the subject area and the findings of these s tudies were critically reviewed. Focus of the literature review was based upon the different factors, such as the complications of ionising radiation, complications in different age group people, preventive measures and the current state of knowledge in the dentists all around the globe. Praveen, et.al (2013) suggests that radiation in dentistry is mainly used for diagnostic purposes and in a dental set-up usually the practicing dentist exposes, processes and interprets the radiograph. Although the exposure to such radiation is kept as very less, it is essential to reduce the exposure to the minimum to the dental personnel and patients in order avoid the carcinogenic and organ damaging effects that can be produced by it.. Several radiation protection measures have been advocated to ameliorate these effects. Dose dependent radiation exposure was identified as a one of the key measures in limiting the use of ionising radiation. As suggested by White and Mallya (2012), wise selection of patients to treat with ionising radiation and implement patient-specific reason, which ensures greater benefits than the harms are the two easiest ways to tackle with the risks associated with ionising radiation. However, Ayatollahi et.al (2012) suggests that this practice is not adequately implemented in majority of the dental clinics. Secondly, the review identified children as most susceptible to radiation exposure. Preventive measures such as use of special radiation protection equipments and dose dependent exposure were suggested to be central in minimising the effects of ionising radiation in children in dental clinics. Moreover, it was suggested that knowledge of such risks in dentists can make a significant contribution in the improvement of safe dental practice, ensuring adequate safeguards of both patients and dentists. The literature came up with a conclusion that up to date and evidenced based knowledge is still lacking in dentist regarding the risks of radiation hazard. This will need re-educating and re-training the dentists, make them aware of ionising radiation risks, and make them able to answer any queries from patients about the risks of ionising radiations (Praveen, et.al. 2013). As part of the clinical practice, all dentists are required to undertake radiography as part of the clinical practice in which dentists and members of the dental team, must understand the basic principles of radiation physics, hazards and protection, and should be able to undertake dental radiography safely with the production of high quality, diagnostic images (Rout and Brown, 2012). Although the grey area that was identified was that, dentists are poorly informed on how to use medical imaging tools safely and efficiently. Furthermore, they are found to underestimate the radiation risk and their devastating effec ts in patients’ long term health. In addition, some of the studies revealed that despite some knowledge on the harmful effects of ionising radiation in patients, as well as in their own health, the knowledge of patient’s protection including the exposure distance and prevention of radiation leakage, protection of personnel, i.e. the occupational risk hazards of ionising radiation, dentists were reluctant to employ these safety measures in day to day practice (Rout and Brown, 2012)). Considering the context of this study, no research has evaluated Australian and Jordanian dentists’ knowledge on the risks associated with ionising radiation in the dental clinics; suggesting the importance and need to carry out this study. This puts patients of different age groups in significant risk of developing pathological conditions that are induced by the exposure to ionising radiation. Thus, designing a training module to teach dentists about radiation safety and risk is mandatory for safe dental health practice. This study provides insights into developing new strategies, policies and practices to minimise or even avoid such risks in the future. References Gray, C.F. 2010, â€Å"Practice-based cone-beam computed tomography: a review†, Primary dental care : journal of the Faculty of General Dental Practitioners (UK), vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 161-167. Lalla, R.V., Saunders, D.P. & Peterson, D.E. 2014, â€Å"Chemotherapy or radiation-induced oral mucositis†, Dental clinics of North America, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 341-349. Metsala, E., Henner, A. & Ekholm, M. 2013, â€Å"Quality assurance in digital dental imaging: a systematic review†, Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, . Praveen, B.N., Shubhasini, A.R., Bhanushree, R., Sumsum, P.S. & Sushma, C.N. 2013, â€Å"Radiation in dental practice: awareness, protection and recommendations†, The journal of contemporary dental practice, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 143-148. Rout, J. & Brown, J. 2012, â€Å"Ionizing radiation regulations and the dental practitioner: 1. The nature of ionizing radiation and its use in dentistry†, Dental update, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 191-2, 195-8, 201-3. Verma, S.K., Maheshwari, S., Singh, R.K. & Chaudhari, P.K. 2012, â€Å"Laser in dentistry: An innovative tool in modern dental practice†, National journal of maxillofacial surgery, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 124-132. White, S.C. & Mallya, S.M. 2012, â€Å"Update on the biological effects of ionizing radiation, relative dose factors and radiation hygiene†, Australian Dental Journal, vol. 57 Suppl 1, pp. 2-8.

Globalization of Technology Essay

Politics – Technology enables and even promotes changes in every aspect of our lives. Through the years it has changed what and how we eat (the microwave), how and where we work (the internet), how we are entertained, and even how we keep in touch with friends and family. And though many people may notice these types of quick advances of technology, many may not notice how technological advances have tied into changes in politics and the way they have been run. †¢The power of mass images has really become a major influence on politics as a product of a increasing technology. In the 1960’s, images of wealth in the west eventually exposed the weakness of the communist regime running the old Soviet bloc. There is the story Nikita Khrushchev narrating a film of Harlem in the 1960’s to demonstrate poverty in America. Instead, his poor, struggling citizens focused on the nylons hanging on backyard clothes lines and the number of fine autos in the street, and saw wealth rather than poverty. Today, the pictures from Iran appear in graphic detail on our televisions. The power of the mass media has made it more difficult for the state to wall off the outside world. †¢The television has been used to promote politics through commercial advertisement since the Dwight D. Eisenhower campaign in 1952. That was over 50 years ago. It has been used to broadcast presidential debates since the Kennedy vs Nixon Great Debate in 1960 which was exactly 50 years ago. However, nothing is like the way the television is used today. †¢The most recent Presidential campaign, in 2008, showed how fundraising is being impacted. President Obama raised a record breaking 600 million dollars in contributions during his run up to the election. Of that 600 that Obama received, 500 million came from the internet and through public financing through the internet. He ran as fierce an internet campaign as he did his television and radio campaigns. Later the same young people who followed Obama’s every move online, turned out to vote. †¢Is technology damaging politics? †¢For example, you can argue that because there are dozens of news channels. Campaigns are now much more media run. The media decides what is news worthy (which as of the past few years has been whatever gets ratings), interprets the meaning of events for its viewers, and manipulates the decision making process of its viewers. †¢Can technology be damaging to political candidates themselves? †¢Political videos of nearly every 2008 presidential candidates can be found on YouTube. In many of the posted videos, candidates are engaged in old speeches, contradicting their current political positions. †¢Also, since the election, the internet seems to have gone from President Obama’s best friend, to his greatest political enemy. Some of the most controversial legislation in US history is being introduced and posted online for all Americans to see, online commentators who once supported Obama are continuously pointing out unfilled promises. Economy and Social Relations – Technological progress is the key to offering future populations the potential for improved standards of living. Technical change enables firms to combine inputs in a novel manner to produce existing products more cheaply and to develop new products to meet consumer needs. Economists and other social scientists pretty much agree that technological change is the most important contributor to economic growth in the modern era and it is estimated that more than half of the country’s long-run growth is can be attributed to technological change. †¢A prime example of technology based increases in productivity comes from the field of agriculture. Until at least the 17th century, about 90% of the population was directly involved in agriculture. In the United States, the farm population was 44% of the total population as recently as 1880. Currently, the U.S. farm population is about 2% of the total population. But over that same period, total production from farms has more than doubled. The increase in productivity is correlated with several technological innovations in the field of farming. The innovations include the widespread use of farm chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides), and farming equipment. Thus, the tremendous increase in farm productivity is seen as a direct result of the technological advances that were made in the field. †¢Technological change in production processes like that often reduces the amount of labor and other resources needed to produce a unit of output. This is good on one hand because it reduces the cost of production for products but on the other, it also results in a loss of jobs in the short-r un. The long-run is a different story though. By reducing the cost of production you thereby are lowering the price of a particular good in a competitive market, which then frequently leads to a greater demand for that good. And a greater output demand results in increased production, which requires more labor, and offsets the effects of losing jobs in the short-run. †¢Along with production technology, constant improvements of transportation and communications technologies have also had major impacts on today’s economy. Previously, physical and human resources moved around the world by means of land, sea, and air transportation. Now, with data serving as a basic resource and digital communications the means of transport, financial capital is moving throughout the world at nearly the speed of light. †¢How has technology negatively affected the economy? †¢One challenge that technology has brought about to the new global economy comes from the new wave of outsourcing. As a concept it’s not new. Companies have chased cheap labor around the globe for decades, making cars in Mexico, plastic toys in Taiwan and shirts in Malaysia. But in the past couple of years, the debate over outsourcing has intensified as technology companies reduce costs by sending technical support, software development, quality assurance and other functions offshore. A few years ago this idea would have been impossible. The world mostly turned to its technology leaders, companies such as Microsoft Corp. for example, when it needed software. But with the growth of broadband Internet connections and e-mail, technical support staff and software developers can respond to questions with the same speed in Bangalore, India, as they do in Bellevue. And they can do it at a fraction of the cost. †¢Of course this comes at the expense of not only lower class and low skilled workers in the U.S., but even in the middle classes, there are plenty of jobs that are now outsourced.. Again, inability to find work means inability to purchase homes, spend money, and profit companies. When people don’t buy, corporations that produce things don’t make money, which can thus â€Å"trickle down† to fewer jobs available and a greater desire to outsource to make things more cheaply so they will be more attractive to consumers. †¢Those supporting outsourcing say that lowering expenses of corporations will create jobs. There are plenty of government agencies that outsource some of their work, saving them millions of dollars, a direct effect on the US economy and on federal spending. A common theory contends that being able to pay people lower wages for work means that companies will be able to produce things with less expense and transfer this saving to consumers. Lower prices may mean more consumer spending, and companies will be able to hire more workers in the US because they’re paying less for workers outside of it. †¢Further, many argue that giving jobs to workers in less developed countries improves those countries economically and increases trade for US products. It also increases a country’s ability to pay back debts to the US, and may promote better political relationships. Companies economically benefit by selling their products in other countries. This means they can hire more people in the US and lower their prices on products for US consumers.

Looking for God Essays

Looking for God Essays Looking for God Essay Looking for God Essay Where are you supposed to look for God? How are you to look for God, and does it help to decide what sort of thing you are looking for first? What kind of thing is God?Looking from the perspective of someone with no previous faith, looking for general revelation, I would have to say you have to perceive what you think is God-like first. If you ask the majority of people with a faith what God is like, they would probably say all good and all-powerful. So are you looking for general signs of goodness, beauty, power and awe? If you are then you can rule out finding God in evil, ugliness, weakness and un-impressiveness. Or can you? I know that black isnt white, but people thought Hitler was good; beauty is in the eye of the beholder, so an ugly person to me might be stunningly beautiful to someone else; the queen bee is supreme over mere drones, however it looks a bit pathetic in comparison to even simple humans; and David Beckhams match and free kick against Gree ce last year left thousands of footy fans awe-struck, yet my brother just couldnt see what the fuss was about.God is deeply personal, so will be found in different places for everyone.If you thought that The Miracle Of life was completely un-earthly, and could only be explained with a super-human being, then I bet I could find half a dozen more that just think we are here accidentally.If you are solely looking for good, you can still find it in atrocities. In Sept. 11 you could find God in the power and awe of it all, but also in those brave people whose spirit never wavered, in those volunteers determined to help, in those fore-fighters who gave their life to save others, those selfless rescuers, counsellors, vicars, children. Osama tried to devastate American spirit and attitude as well as massacre, but he failed in crushing the love and goodness in peoples heats and minds. You could argue that God was acting in every fire-fighter that tragic day, helping to put lives back togethe r, but Muslims would say God (or Allah also all-good and all-powerful) was acting in those heroic terrorists.Here is the miracle of life presented to us, and what we to it.Here is the beautiful world: but which picture is which? Which is beautiful? Which is miraculous? Which is hideous? Which one has God in it, or which one has God acting in it?Here is another view. If God is linked with personal feelings and opinions, then what is a feeling, and what makes it right or wrong (because if we knew who was right, we would know whom has God sussed). Feelings are only felt or experienced by a living creature. So what is a life? Is a tree any more than just a bunch of leaves and wood? Yes and no. Yes it has a life, it can feel stuff. No leaves and wood is all it is made of physically. So if personal feelings govern what is good, beautiful, miraculous, etc, then does God love in feelings, actually IN us? Is God everything, good and bad? Pantheism?

The President Makes Grammatical Errors Too! Tenet vs. Tenant and Obamas Tucson Speech

The President Makes Grammatical Errors Too! Tenet vs. Tenant and Obamas Tucson Speech I got an email from my friend Seth Nowak on January 13, 2011 reporting, â€Å"Obama said ‘tenent’ in his speech last night.   One term president.† The speech to which Seth was referring is the moving, poignant speech Obama delivered following the shooting rampage in Tucson.   Obviously Seth was joking to me, The Essay Expert, that a small error like mixing up â€Å"tenet† with â€Å"tenant† would affect (not effect) Obama’s approval rating. Just a few days before, I had corrected Seth when he said â€Å"tenent† (or â€Å"tenant† he was speaking not writing, so I can’t be sure) when he meant â€Å"tenet.†Ã‚   Thus he could not help but notice Obama’s slip of tongue. To clarify, â€Å"tenet† means â€Å"any opinion, principle, doctrine, dogma, etc., esp. one held as true by members of a profession, group, or movement.† A tenant, on the other hand, is a person, a group of persons, or an entity occupying a space, usually a rental space (my definition). â€Å"Tenent† is not a word in modern English, though in the interests of full disclosure, it is listed on dictionary.com as â€Å"Obs.† (Obsolete).   It does not appear anywhere in the dictionary on my shelf, Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (copyright 1987, the year I headed to college – and if that’s not obsolete, I don’t know what is). Obama’s spoken sentence was as follows: â€Å"They were fulfilling a central tenant[sic] of the democracy envisioned by our founders.† The transcriber was kind to our President.   The text â€Å"tenant[sic]† does not appear in the transcription; instead, the official version in The New York Times reads, â€Å"They were fulfilling a central tenet.† The day before Obama’s speech, I had put â€Å"tenant/tenet† on my list of Top 10 Grammatical Errors of 2011 (scheduled for publication in December 2011).   Why?   Because inside of one week in January, not including Obama’s speech, I heard â€Å"tenant† used incorrectly twice: once by Seth as reported above, and once in a draft of a law school application essay.   I won’t quote that essay here for reasons of confidentiality, but here’s an example of a sentence in a draft law school application essay I received a year ago: â€Å"The general tenants of my thesis was that developing a national childcare system would contribute to the economy and better the lives of all Canadians.† This sentence has two problems:   First, she meant â€Å"tenet†; and second, even if â€Å"tenants† were correct, the verb â€Å"was† is singular whereas â€Å"tenants† is plural.   This client was not accepted into any Canadian law schools, despite the fact that her errors were corrected.   She did get accepted in England. The moral of the story:   If you want to get into law school, or be elected for a second term, get straight about the difference between â€Å"tenet† and â€Å"tenant.†Ã‚   I understand that â€Å"n† sound just wants to come out somehow, but try to keep it in check. So what do you think?   One term or two?   Perhaps that’s really the important question here.

5715067945 Essays - Economy, Finance, Financial Services

5715067945Chapter OneIntroduction 0Chapter OneIntroduction 1.1 Introduction:Bangladesh is one of the largest Muslim countries in the world. The people of this country are deeply committed to Islamic way of life as enshrined in the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah. Naturally, it remains a deep city in their heart to fashion and design their economic lives in accordance with the precepts of Islam. The establishment ofIslamibank Bangladesh limited on March 13, 1983, is the true reflection of this inner urge of its people, which started functioning with effect from march 30, 1983.This bank is the first of its kind in southeast Asia. It is committed to conduct all banking and investment activities on the basis of interest free profit- loss sharing system. In doing so, it has unveiled a new horizon and ushered in a new silver lining of hope towards materializing a long cherished dream of people of Bangladesh for doing their banking transactions in line with what is prescribed by Islam. With the active co-operation and participation of Islamic developmen t bank (IDB) and some other Islamic banks, financial institutions, government bodies and eminent personalities of Middle East and the gulf counties, Islamic bank Bangladesh limited has by now earned the unique position of a leading private commercial bank in Bangladesh.As the competition of the business world become more and more severe, businessman had no alternative banking premises and many of them were getting involved in the traditional banking. But the tradition banking is based on interest, which is fully prohibited in Islam. To overcome this problem, Muslim scholars, philosophers, economistsetc, were thinking to establish a newinterest free banking structure right from the 1940s. At last they succeeded to formulate an appropriate Islamic Banking structure. Islamic bank does not give more importance only on earning profit but also try to ensure social welfare in term of its activities.This report has shown that theIslamiBank Bangladesh Limited is pioneer in introducingshari'a hbased interest free banking in Bangladesh with a mission to establish welfare oriented banking system and to ensure equity and justice in the field of all economic activities. This report mostly focuses on foreign exchange activities of IBBL. 1.2 Background of Study:After the completion of theoretical courses of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA), each student is required to do internship in different organizations to have some practical knowledge and experience of the job exposure and to be familiar with the official environment thereof.Thereport wasprepared based on an internship program. This is a requirement of the internship programarranged by Department of Finance, Faculty of Business,Northern University Bangladesh. Each intern must carry out a specific report, which was assigned by the supervisor approved by the department of finance, faculty of Business Studies,Northern University Bangladesh.As I hadbeen selected for theIslamiBank Bangladesh Limited by the Bank Ista rted my realistic orientation program in New Market branch of IBBL. 1.3 Objective of the Study:The internship onIslamiBank Bangladesh Limited. Study on New Market Branch has prepared to fulfill the particular requirement of the internship program as 3 credit of the BBA program of the university and to explore Islamicshariahaspects and financing modes regarding Foreign exchange activities. The Main Objectives:The first objective of thereportfulfilling the partial requirements of the BBA program. Theprimary objective of this reportisto measure the Foreign Exchange activities of IBBL in New Market Branch.The specific objectives can be stated as under:To know LC.To understanding the procedure of opening LC.To know the Foreign Exchange Activities.To know the exchange rate.How to fix the exchange rate?To know different currency.To know the procedure of Import and Export.To know the importance of LC.To know the exchange rate risk.To know the overall activities of Foreign Exchange Division of IBBL. 1.4 Significance of the Study:The programhelpedme to understand the organization norms, corporate culture, investment decision and customer satisfaction of an organization. The topicwasveryquietinteresting this will encourage me to put my effort to analyze

Editor's letter and response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Editor's letter and response - Essay Example and then introduces the concept of heat shock proteins in a more thorough manner, drawing from recently published papers and studies as well as important older ones. Also included is a table which outlines the diversity of the major molecular HSP families, details on synthesizing the heat shock proteins, and a summary of several of this chaperone proteins use in signal transduction, cell survival, immune response mechanics, and the effect of environmental stress factors on HSP responsiveness. The review is exhaustive, citing from thirty different papers on the topic after removing the irrelevant citations. The included cited papers range in date from 2006 to 2015, so that the mini-analysis represents a summary of the latest research on this important topic. 1. As well this mini-research contributes positively to the discovery of heat shock response which was discovered by Francis Ritossa in 1962 who made this accomplishment through an observation while treating flies. This mini-analysis would therefore contribute positively to the research on the thermal shock induced in an organism’s cells. The author is particularly pleased to see this section called out in your review. It is often the case that terms are not clearly defined, and the author hoped that, by doing just that, the paper and its conclusions would be accessible to a wider audience than is common for such topics. However, based on comments from the editor, this section has been removed to improve the flow of the paper and keep it properly on topic. Thank you for this idea, which is certainly worth considering at length. However, as pointed out by the editor, the heat shock proteins are chaperones, and in that sense this suggestion is redundant. Furthermore, a number of changes have been made to keep the paper on the relevant topics, as you suggest. The author is pleased to hear that the charts and diagrams included aided in reading comprehension. While these comments are appreciated, the