Clinicopathological Correlates of Adrenal †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Clinicopathological Correlates of Adrenal. Answer: Presentation: Raised degrees of cortisol hormone are for the most part answerable for the event of Cushing condition. Cortisol is mostly created by adrenal organs in the body. Cortisol performs significant capacities in the body like guideline of circulatory strain and typical working of cardiovascular framework. Cortisol is likewise useful in reacting to pressure and using starches, proteins and fats in the usable vitality. Notwithstanding, raised degrees of cortisol, disturb these physiological procedures and lead to advancement of Cushing condition. Cortisol levels in MV may increment because of significant levels of pressure, hunger, sadness and elevated levels of passionate pressure. Cortisol levels in an individual can likewise increment because of athletic preparing, liquor abuse and frenzy issue. High dosages of mitigating prescriptions like corticosteroids may expand cortisol levels. Pituitary organ discharges progressively adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) hormone in pituitary organ tumor. This expansion in the adrenocorticotroic hormone is known as Cushings infection. Adrenal organ variation from the norm or tumor may cuase Cushings condition. Indeed, even though70 80 % instances of the Cushing's disorder happen because of over the top emission of ACTH from the pituitary adenomas, it is clear that solitary 10 15 % pituitary adenomas mystery unreasonable ACTH. Despite the fact that around 10 % instances of the Cushing's disorder happen because of unnecessary discharge of cortisol from the adrenal adenomas, it is clear that solitary 6 % adrenal adenomas mystery over the top cortisol. Be that as it may, definite etiology of over the top discharge of ACTH from pituitary adenomas and cortisol emission from adrenal adenomas has not been entrenched. Hereditary investigations set up that transformation in the ubiquitin-explicit protease 8 is liable for Cushing's sickness 1,2. Contrast between Cushings condition and Cushings infection: Tumor in the adrenal organ creates more measure of cortisol. This prompts the advancement of Cushings disorder. Cushings disorder can likewise be created because of tumor in the pituitary organ. Cushings disorder is the gathering of side effects wherein cortisol levels stays raised for the more drawn out length. Tumor in the pituitary organ creates more measure of ACTH. This ACTH invigorates more discharge of cortisol from the adrenal organ. This kind of Cushings disorder is called as Cushings ailment. Tumors created by ACTH can be delivered anyplace in the body and these are named as ectopic tumors. Long haul steroid organization is one of the reasons for Cushings disorder. Cushings malady may happen because of the endogenous elements such as self-overproduction of cortisol by the body. Endogenous over-creation of cortisol may happen because of pituitary tumor (Cushings infection), adrenal tumor and ectopic tumors3. Nerve center is the piece of mind underneath which pituitary organ is available. Corticotropin-discharging hormone (CRH) is emitted by paraventricular core (PVN) of the nerve center. CRH invigorates pituitary organ to mystery ACTH. ACTH gets moved through blood and as result adrenal organ gets animated to mystery cortisol. Zona fasciculata is the district of cortex of adrenal organ which is answerable for the emission of cortisol. Corticosteroid hormones are heavily influenced by nerve center pituitary-adrenal pivot. Corticosteroids show most conspicuous metabolic movement during the postprandial period. During this period, these hormones act as contra-separate hormones. Subsequently, it gives substrates to oxidative digestion and invigorate lipolysis and proteolysis. This outcomes in the arrival of unsaturated fats and amino acids which instigate glucose creation by animating gluconeogenesis and repressing glycogen union. Raised degrees of cortisol are answerable for the negative cr iticism which is liable for the diminished discharge of ACTH. Pathophysiology: In a wide range of etiologies of Cushing disorder, there are raised degrees of cortisol. Cortisol discharging adenoma in the cortex of adrenal organ happens in Cushings condition. This adenoma of cortex of adrenal organ may be of essential hypercortisolism or hypercorticism types. Cushings disorder because of raised degrees of ACTH is known as ectopic Cushing condition. Patients with serious hypercortisolism are related with the phenotypes like glucose bigotry, dyslipidaemia, metabolic bone ailment, and strange weight gain. Then again patients with gentle or moderate hypercortisolism are once in a while connected with glucose narrow mindedness, dyslipidaemia, metabolic bone infection, and unusual weight gain. Consequently, it is hard to separate these patients from different patients with metabolic condition. There is introduction of striae, supraclavicular fat cushions, and proximal muscle shortcoming in patients with expanded hypercortisolism6. Raised degrees of corticosteroids bri ngs about the enlarged creation of glucose at the degree of liver and skeletal muscle. In liver corticosteroids increment levels of glucose by invigorating gluconeogenesis and repressing insulin affectability. Corticosteroids animate gluconeogenesis by following up on various qualities liable for glucose digestion. Corticosteroids decrease insulin affectability by applying hostile impact on metabolic activity of insulin which is most significant hormone required for concealment of glucose production7,8. Corticosteroids decline articulation and phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)- 1, phosphatidylinositol-3kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (PKB/AKT). Therefore, there is decline in relocation of glucose transporter GLUT4 to the cell surface which brings about the decrease of glucose take-up. It likewise prompts diminishing of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)- 3 phosphorylation and results in the decline of glycogen union. In skeletal muscles, corticosteroids increment insulin opposition which brings about the diminished glucose take-up and anticipation of glycogen combination. Corticosteroids show impact on insulin opposition by straightforwardly following up on the insulin receptor or change in the insulin work by modifying lipid and protein metabolism9,10. Corticosteroids likewise assume conspicuous job in the controlling fat tissue separation, appropriation and digestion. Corticosteroids can animate separation of pre-adipocytes in adipocytes. Expanded adipocytes are related with raised muscle to fat ratio mass. Corticosteroid explicitly follow up on instinctive fat and not on the fringe fat. Henceforth, corticosteroids are related with focal stoutness in Cushings condition. Corticosteroids likewise assume job in the arrival of hormone like adipokine which is answerable for the advancement of insulin opposition. Co-event of insulin opposition and expanded instinctive fat can prompt the advancement of metabolic condition which is related with disability in the glucose digestion. Metabolic condition involves instinctive stoutness, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Impact of corticosteroids on the pancreatic beta cells bring about the diminished insulin discharge. Corticosteroids show impact on insulin discharge in portion ward and tim e subordinate way. Corticosteroid display impact on various strides of insulin emission like glucose take-up, glucose usage and calcium motions and exocytosis of granules containing insulin. Glucose transporter GLUT2 and glucokinase articulation gets diminished due to corticosteroids11,12. Corticosteroids can change AMP-actuated protein kinase (AMPK) movement in tissue explicit way. Concealment of AMPK is corresponding to hypercortisolism. Because of tissue explicit exercises, AMPK expands craving, instinctive stoutness and dyslipidemia. Upon initiation, AMPK assumes key job in glycolysis and unsaturated fat combination which produces ATP. Because of hormone-delicate lipase (HSL), there is expanded degree of lipids structure fat tissue which lead to advancement of adipocytes. 11 - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 H SD1) is liable for the actuation of cortisol from the dormant cortisone. 11 H SD1 overexpressed in develop adipocytes in conditions like hepatic steatosis and there is expanded degrees of cholesterol and triglycerides. 11 H SD1 is likewise connected with insulin obstruction. Cardiovascular entanglements related with corticosteroids incorporate foundational blood vessel hypertension, atherosclerosis, and thromboembolism. It has been set up that raised degrees of corticosteroid can prompt the expansion in renin-angiotensin framework, animated thoughtful sensory system and endothelin framework. It additionally prompts decreased nitric oxide (NO) combination and kallikrein-kinin framework. Patients of Cushings condition are related with irreversible blood vessel firmness. Endothelin, homocysteine, vascular endothelial factor, adrenomedulin, and cell grip atoms are the markers of endothelial brokenness and are answerable for vascular endothelial and smooth muscle multiplication and fibrosis around vessels and therefore improvement of atherosclerosis plaques. In subclinical Cushings condition both systolic and diastolic hypertension can happen. Circulatory strain can hoist in patients with Cushings disorder because of ACTH invigorated cortisol level15,16. Cort icosteroids additionally delivers immunosuppression and neuropsychiatric inconveniences. Ectopic ACTH creation lead to Cushings condition and neurocognitive weakness. Neuropsychiatric clutters related with Cushings disorder are significant misery, madness, uneasiness, and subjective impairment17. Bone confusions related with corticosteroids incorporate osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Osteoporosis may happen in patients with Cushings condition because of expanded bone reabsorption, diminished bone development, decreased intestinal calcium retention and expanded urinary calcium excretion18. Atomic Pathology: Adrenocortical carcinomas are related with clinical hypercortisolism and androgen overproduction. Raised degrees of urinary metab

Ch 9 Criminal Justice Administration Free Essays

1)What elements add to the restorative populaces? What effect do medicate laws have on them? a. Truth-in-condemning laws have added to the expansion just as inability to restore. The expansion and get serious about medication related laws have contributed a noteworthy bit of the populace. We will compose a custom exposition test on Ch 9 Criminal Justice Administration or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now 2)What are a portion of the major regulatory situations inside a jail framework? a. A portion of the major regulatory positions are jail chief, open issues organizer, authoritative liason, legitimate consultants, inner issues delegate, medicinal services experts, remedial program experts, and human administration. )How do supermax detainment facilities work uniquely in contrast to different jails? What concearns have been raised concerning the supposed impacts on detainees, defendability, and open security. a. Supermax detainment facilities work distinctively in the manner they need to make sure about the jail and detainee, and house them in lone cells. Concearns that have been raised are things like the state of control, there is no wellbeing pad gave these hoodlums escape, mental damage from the manner in which they are housed, and ailments. )What are in any event five of the significant U. S. Preeminent Court choices managing rights to detainees? a. Ruffun v. Commonweath, Turner v . Safley, Cooper V. Pate, Johnson V. Avery, and Bounds V. Smith are for the most part cases managing rights to detainees. 5) When and how did such choices serve to end the hands-off precept? a. They began in 1871 and they served to end the teaching by demonstrating that detainees ought not so much be gotten from the constitution. )What is an immediate oversight prison, and how can it vary in the plan and capacity from customary correctional facilities? a. An immediate oversight prison is another face on the old method of correctional facilities. It varies by physical condition, isolating official from prisoner, permitting officials to have an immediate view, and milder furnishings. 7)Why was the Prison Litigation Reform Act ordered, and has it had an effect? a. It was ordered to give resoutions to jail condition claims and dishearten misuse. It has had an effect by lessening prisoner petitions. 8)In what significant ways do correctional facilities contrast from detainment facilities in their association and organization? Help with detainee reemergence again into the network? a. They contrast principally through who investigates them. Prisons fill in as agaents of progress and have objectives for aiding reemergence. 9)What are the essential elements of a prison chairman? a. They are law masters. 10)What are the points of interest collect to an adjustments office on the off chance that it is accreditited? a. Favorable circumstances are having cutting edge system, improving confidence and polished skill and substantially more. 11)What are the different sorts of probation frameworks directed in the US? Depict each. a. Adolescent which screens adolescents on state city or area level, Municipal which is autonomous and is controlled by the lower courts, province which works under state law, state which is incorporated and offers support all through the state, state joined which is both probation and parole, and government which is regulated by the bureaucratic courts. 2)Should Probation administrations be put inside the legal or official part of government? Shield your answer a. They ought to be set with official since they are accountable for doing the laws need to see who tails them or not. 13)What are the two essential models of parole organization? a. The two essential models of parole organization are the autonomous model and the united model. Step by step instructions to refer to Ch 9 Criminal Justice Administration, Essay models

Tips for Managing Your Money in Old Age

Tips for Managing Your Money in Old Age Tips for Managing Your Money in Old Age Tips for Managing Your Money in Old AgeThe sooner you start getting serious with your money, the easier it will be to manage your finances during your golden years.Retirement is a time that’s meant to be enjoyed, not stressed over. But if you’re not managing your money properly, the odds of that stress-free retirement coming to pass are pretty low.In fact, if you don’t have enough money saved up to supplement your Social Security checks, your retirement years could end up missing one crucial thing: retirement.In a worst-case scenario, you might even end up relying on predatory no credit check loans and short-term bad credit loans (like payday loans, cash advances, or even title loans) to make ends meet.That’s not what you want, which is why we reached out to some financial and elder care experts for their advice on managing your money in old age. The sooner you start following these helpful tips, the more comfortable your retirement will be!Build a budget.  In order to enjoy your golden years, you’re going to need money, and the only way you’re going to have that money is if you save it. That means creating (and sticking to) a budget.“You should start planning as soon as you feel your future retirement is in jeopardy,” offered Holly Peterson, owner of  Elite Retirement Strategies in Pocatello, Idaho. “If you don’t track your spending, you can’t get control of your savings.”“Work to create a budget to see how much you need to save in order to retire,” she said. “Creating and sticking with a budget is one of the most essential parts of saving money.”If you’re at a bit a loss for how to do that, don’t fret. We have a handy guide for budgeting beginners, complete with a  free downloadable spreadsheet that you can use to build a budget of your very own!Be prepared to ask for help.There are lots of people who feel uncomfortable asking for help; but as you age, the odds increase that you’re going to require some assistanceâ€"espec ially with your money. The sooner you make peace with thatâ€"and plan accordinglyâ€"the better.“As a senior, there may come a time when you want someone you trust to help you manage your money.” Susanna Williams, a consultant for Hospice of South Louisiana. Consider keeping a list of all of your financial institutes and accounts and keep it locked in a safe place only accessible by your loved ones if there’s an emergency.”An attorney can help you decide if you need a document called a Power of Attorney which allows other people that you specifically designate to make key decisions over your finances,” she continued.“This can keep you feeling secure with your finances in case of any illnesses or other emergencies that make you unable to manage to your finances yourself.”Think about where you’ll retire.“Housing costs comprise the largest, single monthly expense for many Americans,” explained Drew Kellerman, founder of  Phase 2 Wealth Advisors in Gig Harbor, Washing ton. As such, he had a couple of different recommendations for how you can keep your housing costs down in retirement.“One way to make ends meet on Social Security is to consider moving in with extended family,” he said. “This arrangement can be in exchange for sharing some of the housing expenses, helping with the chores, watching the grandkids on a regular basis, etc.”But if that’s not a good option, Kellerman suggested that you might want to reconsider where, exactly, you’re planning to retire.“Another comprehensive way to stretch your dollar is to live in a place with a lower cost of living,” he said. “Here in the U.S., it costs far more to live in the most densely populated, coastal city areas than it does in many other parts of our nation.”And Kellerman even suggested that you could consider retiring abroad:“Many retirees who would barely get by on their modest income here in the U.S.A. have found that they can live at least a middle-class lifestyle on So cial Security alone, depending on where they choose to live.”“This is not a decision to be taken lightly, as there are many factors that should be considered,” he cautioned. “If living abroad in retirement is appealing, we recommend conducting thorough research and ‘test trips before making the big move.”Earn some extra income.One of the issues that many people struggle with post-retirement is boredom: They simply don’t have enough to do! Meanwhile, many others don’t have quite enough money saved up to live the kind of lifestyle they would like to.Two birds, meet one stone: You can get a side gig to add structure to your day and  to help you  earn some extra money  after youve retired.“In the current gig economy, there are many ways for people to earn extra money on top of a traditional income,” said Peterson. “Seniors even have the ability to choose gigs that match personal interests, like becoming a babysitter, dog walker, or driving for Uber.And even if you haven’t retired yet, that doesn’t mean that some extra cash here or there won’t do you good. In fact, Peterson recommends funneling that additional income directly into a retirement account.Right now is also perfect time to look for extra work. “With the economy nearing full employment, there are likely many part-time job opportunities in your area,” said Kellerman. Earning a few hundred dollars per month to supplement Social Security can make a huge difference for someone on a very tight budget.”Worried about that extra income creating some problems with your Social Security benefits? You can relax. “Even if you have not yet attained ‘full retirement age’ you can earn more than $1,300 per month without ‘losing’ any of your Social Security,” Kellerman clarified.Depending on your situation, you might be able to earn extra income from a slightly more passive source:“Many retirees who own their own home don’t want to leave but can’t really afford to stay,â € said Kellerman. “Does your home have extra rooms not in use? Consider leasing a room or two to carefully selected renters. Or, if you’re ambitious, investigate taking in short-term vacation renters through programs such as Airbnb. Both options can generate additional cash flow.”Look for senior discounts and deals.You’re probably well aware that senior discounts can help you stretch your budget further. But did you know that you could also get a senior discount on financial services?“When you hit a certain age, some financial institutions offer breaks on services,” said Williams. “Make sure to comparison shop with your bank. Don’t just settle for one if others will offer you deals as a senior that can help you hold onto more of your saved finances.“If you like your bank, let them know the offers that you have seen through other banks and see if they’ll give you the same senior discounts,” she added.And in the meantime, you should be taking advantage of any an d all senior discounts you can find. For more information on possible deals in your area, check out our blog post on 40 places that offer great senior discounts.Research senior benefit  and aid programs.Beyond just shopping around for senior discounts and making sure you ask for help with your finances, you should also be taking full advantage of the numerous government benefit and senior aid programs that this country has to offer.“Did you know there are over 2,500 benefit programs nationwide that can help ‘lower income’ seniors with expenses related to housing, medication, healthcare, taxes, etc.?” said Kellerman. “The catch? Searching for, sifting through and sorting out which benefit programs are available to you can be daunting.”Luckily, this isn’t something you will have to handle entirely on your own. “The National Council for Aging has created a fabulous non-profit website that makes it super easy to find out which of these programs you may be eligible for: w ww.BenefitsCheckup.org,” he said.According to Kellerman, that site can assist you with “public assistance programs that can offset the costs of medication, health care, food and nutrition, housing and utilities, as well as provide income assistance, help for veterans, employment assistance and more.”Peterson suggested two federal programs that can be particularly helpful:“Supplemental Security Income: This federally funded income supplement program is designed to help older people with little to no income who suffer from disabilities like blindness or even diabetes. Eligible recipients are given cash for their basic needs like housing, food or other necessities. SSI is a great program to help protect vulnerable seniors who have extra expenses due to their disabilities.”“Extra Help with Medicare Prescription Drug Plan Costs: The Extra Help program is available to qualifying seniors who are already using Medicare. This program helps pay for monthly premiums, annual deducti bles, and drug co-payments. In total, the program is estimated to be worth about $4,000 a year. Extra Help is a great way for seniors to make sure they’re still able to get important medication without worrying about costs.”The earlier you start getting serious with your money, the easier it will be to manage those funds throughout your golden years. Start now, and reap the benefits later. To learn more about managing your finances, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Save More Money with These 40 Expert Tips8 Good Habits to Get Your Financesâ€"and Your Lifeâ€"on TrackYour Guide to Escaping a Debt TrapHow to Responsibly Maximize Your Credit Card RewardsDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsDrew Kellerman is the founder of  Phase 2 Wealth Advisors in Gig Harbor, Washington.Holly Peterson is the owner of  Elite Retirement Strategies in Twin Falls, Idaho .Susanna Williams is a consultant for  Hospice of South Louisiana, a hospice that provides a holistic approach to symptom management and support for elderly patients and their families. Hospice of South Louisiana has been awarded Readers Choice Award for Hospice and received a top ranking of 100% compliance by Medicare.

Political And Political Ethics Of A Democratic Society

Political Ethics- When do the Ends Justify the Means? It is without argument a fact that our society is ethically flawed. We are plagued by inequality, injustice, selfishness and hatred. Politicians are pioneers of change, who strive to correct these ethical flaws. It is their job to guide our society towards a more just, ethical place. There are varying schools of thought regarding how politicians can obtain the necessary power to improve the political ethics of a society. Some argue that politicians should be models of the political ethics they seek, and must go about obtaining political power in a morally correct and just way. They argue that the means of obtaining influence is just as important as the influence to create change itself. Others argue that the means with which politicians go about obtaining power is less important than the fact that they acquire the necessary power to ethically improve the society. In the mission to create a positive change in a democratic society, politicians must accept the second school of thought and reject the idea of personal political ethics until they reach the position of power in which they can create change. During the initial stages, obtaining the necessary power for transformation is more important than the process in which it is obtained. Between the political philosophers of Socrates, Rousseau, and Machiavelli, the third preaches these ideas, which are the most likely to inspire political change. After detailing theShow MoreRelatedDemocracy And The Australian Political System Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesproduced in the Australian political system to created a fair society, however it is ironically produced by non-democratic and democratic instruments. The extent to which the Australian political system produces a democratic and fair society is dependent upon instruments such as the Constitution, Bicameral parliament, Separation of powers, Rep resentative government, Responsible government and the ethic and values during a particular time. An instrument in the Australian political system that producesRead MoreHow Does the Presence of a Confucian Culture Affect the Operation of Democracy?1083 Words   |  5 Pagesco-exists in East Asian societies. The purpose of this essay is to explore Confucian culture and how it may affect the operation of democracy in East Asia. Confucianism is tradition of political and social thought named after the scholar Kongzi (Confucius 551-479 B.C), it is still widely practiced/ seen in social, legal, theological, ethical and political thought. Kongzi was born into low aristocracy and held an administrative government post. He was a social and political critic throughout his lifeRead MoreThe Ethics Of Unethical Behavior1626 Words   |  7 PagesA man without ethics is a wild beast loosed upon this world, Albert Camus. Police hold a unique position in our society. They are entrusted to protect and serve the people. Their position is also unique in that it easily can lead to corruption and violence when unethical behavior is allowed. In our current culture, unethical police culture to easily seems to become the norm. Minor unethical actions seem to be ever present and larger problems have shown to become rampant in some departments. SolutionsRead MorePracticing Decentered Radical Democratic Citizenship in a Decentere d State944 Words   |  4 Pagescitizen attempts to hold onto those values that are most important to them. Chantal Mouffe (1993) proposes a form of citizenship that lies somewhere between liberalism and civic republicanism. Michael Brown (1997) then explores where this radical democratic citizenship is practiced. What we are left with is a citizenship that is in constant flux; it is decentered and undergoing change in both the way it is practiced and the places it is practiced in. Mouffe gives us a distinct yet unifying conceptRead MorePublic Servants Play A Huge Role In Implementing Policies1265 Words   |  6 Pagesand have responsibilities to fulfill while in office. In carrying out these responsibilities and duties, there are certain administrative values that must be found in them like ethical, democratic and professional (Barker Mau, p.14). However, public individuals and institutions can disregard the values and ethics code for the public sector and as such make the public to question their decisions and activities. Since the late 17th Century, classical liberal theorists had argued that publicity andRead MoreThe Political Policies Of America1403 Words   |  6 PagesProsperity is a relatively new foundation that emerged from the split of Citizens for a Sound Economy Foundation. Americans for Prosperity is one of the many political groups that the Koch brothers and Koch Industries created to get their way in American legislation. In America politics there are interest groups that will fund politicians’ political campaigns or lobby the politicians to persuade them to change their minds on certain subjects. With that being said, the difference between Americans forRead MoreResponsibility Project1080 Words   |  4 Pageswas viewed on the Responsibility Project website. The discussion was centered on the lack of ethics in political campaigning and how political organizations could be more ethical and less hostile to one another. What were the issues in this video and why are they important? The issue in this video involved ethical campaigning, the lack of ethical campaigning, and the loss of civility in American political campaigns; those on the panel were asked to respond to specific questions about campaigningRead MoreBaby Boomer s Goals And Goals1500 Words   |  6 Pages contributed to the decline of the middle class because of the Boomer’s financial, political and secular decisions. Looking at the philosophy of these baby boomers, what the philosophy led too and the common characteristics of the boomer generation can help draw a conclusion about their contribution to the middle class. There are also the values and ethics of the boomer generation and how these values and ethics contributed to the positive or negative impact on the workplace today need to be takenRead MoreBusiness Ethics Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿LAW ETHICS IN THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 6e Test Bank Revisions for the 7th edition by Eric D. Yordy, The W. A. Franke College of Business at Northern Arizona University CHAPTER 1 Law, Ethics, Business: An Introduction Questions 1. Select the best definition of ethics: a. a fairly clear cut set of guides for decision making. b. a set of relatively unclear principles regarding what we must do. c. a set of relatively unclear principles regarding what we should do. d. religious viewsRead MoreCompulsory Voting: Moral Issues and Necessities in A Democratic Nation1686 Words   |  7 PagesCompulsory Voting: Moral Issues and Necessities in A Democratic Nation Compulsory voting as defined by Merriam Webster is a system in which electors are obligated to vote in elections, or be subject to punitive measures such as fines or community service if violated. It is a system of voting that has been implemented successfully in over 30 countries, and has seen the increase in voting turnout on average of 20%. When compulsory voting was abandoned turnout after a period of mandatory voting

Description Of The History Of Family Centered Services

Description of the history of family-centered services Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the family centered services generated preventable client assignment with no definite procedures for stability (Mass Engler, 1959; Gruber, 1973 ;as cited by Pecora, Reed-Ashcraft, Kirk). Furthermore, Gruber (1973) established that the problem was rooted in insufficient data to make suitable decisions to address clients concerns. Likewise, Franshel Shinn (1978; as cited by Pecora, Reed-Ashcraft, Kirk) added that this resulted in one of many issues such as, family centered services encouraging separation between blood relatives by restricting contact. The goals of child welfare services. In order to address these past mishaps, the following three goals were established by child welfare services. The first goal of child welfare services is the security of its clients (Pecora Harrison-Jackson, 2016). When I was in college as an undergrad, I had a terrible roommate. She made my living environment very uncomfortable, where I felt at times as if I was walking on pins and needles. It was always tense in our room. As adults desire a safe, comfortable environment, how much more vulnerable children? The second goal is to make every effort to maintain family attachments or provide a stable alternative environment (Pecora Harrison-Jackson, 2016). I have never been transferred from place to place, but I can imagine. It must be the most uncomfortable feeling; conceivably, theShow MoreRelatedTaking A Patient History : The Role Of The Nurse1159 Words   |  5 PagesJournal Article Review Introduction ‘Taking a patient history: the role of the nurse’ is an article written by Tonks Fawcett and Sarah Rhynas, published in the Nursing Standard, volume 26, issue 24, pages 41-46 on February 15, 2012 . In this article, the authors write about taking a patient’s history and how this is a vital element of patient assessment. It focuses on the patient as a whole, and how the nurse can learn to elicit biographical information and personal circumstance for application toRead MoreLong-term Care Utilizing Nurse Practitioners Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesLong term care (LTC) settings provide a vast variety of services that range from convalescent care, respite stays and skilled rehabilitation services which includes: skilled nursing, physical, occupational or speech therapy. LTC includes a broad spectrum of services that are designed to meet the varying needs of geriatric individuals and other adults with functional restrictions. The services rendered in this setting ar e designed to support individual needs from assistance with activities of dailyRead MoreA Wide Range Of Informational And Educational Programs1767 Words   |  8 Pages At NFC, patients and their families have access to complete, unbiased, and useful information, however, no systems are in place to ensure this. A wide range of informational and educational programs and materials are consistently available to patients and families. Written, audiovisual, and web-based information and educational resources include examples and images that reflect the diversity of patients and families served by NFC. No trained interpreters or peer-led educational programs are availableRead MorePatient-Centered Medical Homes1462 Words   |  6 Pages O., and Martin, S. (2012, December). The patient-centered medical home. American Journal of Nursing, 112(12), 54 59. doi: 10.1097/ 01.NAJ.0000423506.38393.52 Retrieved http://journals.lww.com/ajnonline/Fulltext/ 2012/12000/The_Patient_Centered_Medical_Home.26.aspx One of the aims of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 is improved integration and coordination of services for primary patient care. The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is one of the approaches by whichRead MoreThe Behavioral Health Division Is A Community Mental Health Center1353 Words   |  6 Pagesleader in the community due to the services they provided in Martin, St. Lucie, Okeechobee and Indian River counties. We serve over five hundred clients per year. Since the Medicaid expansion and mental health changes under the affordable healthcare in 2014. The organization behavioral health division is projected to increase their client list by fifty percent. As a result of changes to community mental health, Helping People Succeed wants to extend the services they offers to the different countiesRead MoreAre Ehrs Helping For Improve Care?1231 Words   |  5 Pagescare today, and electronic health records (EHR) are one of these updates. EHRâ€℠¢s are an electronic version of a patient’s medical history. Since EHR have been implemented, it has saved patient’s lives, but also caused casualties. The question is are EHR’s helping to improve care? In this paper, the benefits of EHR’s are discussed in how they’ve improved patient-centered care and promoted health care. Improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of care while reducing disparities Quality, safety, andRead MoreDescription Of A Leader : Lynley Joined The Unthsc Team1384 Words   |  6 PagesDescription of Leader Lynley joined the UNTHSC team about 20 years ago as a research assistant in the department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience after receiving a degree (BS) in Neuropsychology from TCU. Every day she would come into the research center and work with rats on improving diseases and conditions many American are fighting today. After about 6 years in Pharmacology, her boss at the time took a position in Information Technology Services (ITS) as a grant writer. A spot opened in ITS atRead MoreCommunity Description / Analysis Project1473 Words   |  6 Pages Community Description/ Analysis Project Tonya Pinchback Morgan State University Community Description According to Feverbee, there are five different types of communities (Feverbee, 2015). The five types are communities are interest, action, place, practice, and circumstance. Interest is people sharing the same interest or passion. Action is people trying to bring about change. Place is where people are brought together by geographic boundaries. Practice are people in the same professionRead MoreSocial Work And Welfare History1477 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Work/ Welfare History In 1906, in-school social work programs were integrated into New York City schools with hopes to bridge the gaps between the schools and communities in which they served. Since then in-school social workers have become more than just school and community liaisons but also the caseworkers, confidants, youth program advocates, as well as truancy reporters. In 1946, the National School Lunch Act was established and signed into law by President Harry S. Truman. This policyRead MoreBecoming An Integral Part Of The Medical Technician907 Words   |  4 Pageshim since he had lost his immediate family during the war in Bosnia and Croatia. With a sense of understanding, comfort, and trust developing, I continued to hold his hand and progressed through the medical assessment. Communicating his multiple symptoms to the physician, one specific description stood out to me: a painful, ripping sensation in his lower back and abdomen. Recalling my training and medical literature, this unique description and his medical history seemed consistent with a life-threatening

Nike †good or bad Free Essays

Nike is good: A factory called Samyang in Vietnam (a factory under Nike contract) seems to be keeping satisfactory working levels within the building. It employs 5,200 people, most of them being women. The factory is made up of six big buildings with well-kept surroundings. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike – good or bad? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Inside, there are fans keeping the workers cool, fire extinguishers about in the case of an emergency, and workers can easily access goggles, masks and gloves if they need them. Workers get double the local average of $54 per month and an annual bonus of at least one month’s salary. Other factories get a lot less – in rural areas, factories pay $35 per month, in suburbs they pay $40 per month, and in cities, $45 per month. In state-owned factories (factories owned by the government), workers get a surprisingly low $15 per month! All this money they are getting has allowed most of them (three quarters) to buy a television, many to have a motorbike, some to have phones, etc. Not only does this improve their life, but it also allows other businesses such as petrol stations, electronic repair shops, etc. to function properly and make money too. This is called the multiplier effect. Nike has made changes to improve health and safety. In 1998, it replaced the very hazardous petroleum-based solvents with less harmful water-based ones. In 1999, an expert in the field went to verify Nike had actually done this at the Tae Kwang Vina factory in Vietnam. The investigator found that Nike had indeed replaced the compound and had also installed local exhaust ventilation systems. They also discovered that Nike had trained certain staff personnel aspects of health and safety. Nike is bad: Nike does not own the factories their clothes are manufactured in. This means they can leave at any time, leaving thousands of workers unemployed and fighting for their life while they find another job. For example, on February 22nd 2008, the BJJ factory in the Dominic Republic announced that it was going to slowly fire workers and close. The factory, owned by Korean company called Yupoong, was making Nike caps at the time. In the Tae Kwang Vina factory mentioned earlier, some health and safety issues remained. Some sections of the factory were still exposed to hazardous chemicals, and to high heat and noise levels. In 1997, it was found that workers in a different factory were being exposed to 100 times the legal limit of Toluene, a toxic gas. Nike gets its clothes made in countries with free trade zones where it is illegal or extremely difficult for workers to organise into trade unions. It is practically impossible for workers to get better conditions (such as better pay, improved health and safety, etc.) when they cannot get together and form a united group to approach their boss. However, this said, some factory workers have done it before and achieved what they were protesting for. The Ching Luh Nike factory has 21,000 employees, and in June 2008, after going on strike for 2 days, they managed to get Nike to increase their wages by $6 a month. Some people think that the minimum wage in countries is enough to survive because the cost of living in that particular country is lower too. The chart below proves this to be wrong with three primary countries that Nike manufactures in. Nike doesn’t pay lots to its workers. In many countries, they live way under the predicted living wage. The table shows the average wage of all the factories in that country, and the living wage in each. The data presented is only an average. Some factory workers earn only $1.60 a day, where the price of three meals a day is $2.00. How to cite Nike – good or bad?, Papers

Theme for English B- Langston Hughes Research Paper Example

Theme for English B- Langston Hughes Paper Langston Hughes wrote Theme for English B in 1949. English in the poem is emblematic of comprehensiveness, universality and cultural integration. The poem is a satirical take on the grading system with regard to individuals; and utilizes the vernacular as a potent metaphor to emphasis this. Hughes uses language, certain rhythm and structure to relay the bias to writing a poem on oneself due to the connotation that comes with race. The English language in question, English B, is emphasized as a level of English that is below the regular English A.In this context, the poet voices that the whites consider themselves to be the original inhabitants or true, as opposed to the blacks who were treated as secondary citizens. Parts of Theme for English B rhyme and other parts do not. The introduction to the poem starts with the poet paraphrasing the instructor’s orders: â€Å"Go home and write/a page tonight. And let that page come out of you/then it will be true. The speaker asks, I wonder if its that simple? The rest of the stanza in his voice, which is African-American, does not rhyme.The poem concludes with rhyming lines which end with me and free, and the last line: This is my page for English B. the vicissitudes in the rhyme pattern is representative of how language defines the supposed â€Å"quality† of the assignment. Furthermore, the shift in rhyme accentuates the metaphor of how this page is a representation of him and therefore how the different vernacular and rhyme are illustrative of how he is an amalgam of culture, neither stereotypically black, nor a white duplicate, but a contemporary blend of the two.In the poem, he lists facts about himself. This list is ingeniously written because Hughes subtly equates himself as first, a human being, then a normal man- just like any other- and finally as a man with good taste in terms of music and possessions â€Å"I like to eat, sleep, drink, and be in love. / I like to work, read, learn, and under stand life/ like a pipe for a Christmas present/ or records—Bessie, Bop, or Bach† (Hughes 21-23).He also states things that set him apart from his classmates, including the fact that he is the only African American man in his class and that he resides in Harlem (Hughes 10-11). By conveying his commonality, despite the superficial issue of race, Hughes depicts his plight of figuring out who he is as an individual, but also as a man trying to fit into society. He is both a part of Harlem and a part of a mostly white English class: â€Å"I guess I’m what / I feel and see and hear, Harlem, I hear you† (Hughes 17-18).While he holds onto his African American culture, he also acknowledges that it does not define him as a person: â€Å"I guess being colored doesn’t make me  not  like / the same things other folks like who are other races† (Hughes 25-26). Hughes concludes that although he is different from his peers in some ways, they are all Amer icans with common likes and purposes. The â€Å"page† therefore works as a viable and profound metaphor for cultural integration.

Unconscious Mind essays

Unconscious Mind essays The unconscious or subconscious mind, according to classical Freudian psychoanalysis, is a part of the mind that stores repressed memories. Sigmund Freud believed that the unconscious can be found in dreams and fantasies; and forced us to recognize that unconscious factors are significant determinants of human behavior. Since Freud studied mainly women, those unconscious factors usually were sexual traumas during early childhood. Many of his followers looked up to him and improvised on his ideas, but felt that he focused too much on sexual traumas. One of which is Carl Jung, who felt that Freud did not elaborate enough on his view of the psyche. Jung added 'collective' to unconscious mind, he believed that "...the personal, unconscious life of the individual rested on a deeper and more universal layer of the human psyche,..." (Fiero, 30). In one of his best works, The Collective Unconscious, he explains his theory on the unconscious mind. The concept of the unconscious mind ca n also be found in: Franz Kafka's, The Metamorphosis, my own dream, My Death, and a painting by Leyla Bruderlin and James Durant, Emotions. Kafka uses a strong image to symbolize the contents of his characters unconscious mind. In my dream, my death becomes the symbol of the unconscious mind; and lastly in the painting Emotions, different images, shapes, and colors signify all the emotions hidden in the unconscious mind. Franz Kafka is another prominent writer of the twentieth century. In his work, The Metamorphosis, the image of an insect symbolizes issues of the unconscious mind. Kafka uses this representation to show that Gregor Samsa has problems that lie deep within his subconscious. So deep, he does not even know about them. One morning Gregor awakes and notices he has been transformed into an insect. Gregor does not seem to be too worried about his state, but dwells on the fact that he should have been at work hours ago. Gregors mother...

How Amino Acid Chirality Works

How Amino Acid Chirality Works Amino acids (except for  glycine) have a  chiral  carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group (CO2-). This chiral center allows for stereoisomerism. The amino acids form two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other. The structures are not superimposable on each other, much like your left and right hands. These mirror images are termed  enantiomers. D/L and R/S Naming Conventions for Amino Acid Chirality There are two important nomenclature systems for enantiomers. The D/L system is based on optical activity and refers to the Latin words dexter for right and laevus for left, reflecting left- and right-handedness of the chemical structures. An amino acid with the dexter configuration  (dextrorotary) would be named with a () or D prefix, such as ()-serine or D-serine. An amino acid having the laevus configuration  (levorotary) would be prefaced with a (-) or L, such as (-)-serine or L-serine. Here are the steps to determine whether an amino acid is the D or L enantiomer: Draw the molecule as a Fischer projection with the carboxylic acid group on top and side chain on the bottom. (The amine group will not be at the top or bottom.)If the amine group is located on the right side of the carbon chain, the compound is D. If the amine group is on the left side, the molecule is L.If you wish to draw the enantiomer of a given amino acid, simply draw its mirror image. The R/S notation is similar, where R stands for Latin rectus (right, proper, or straight) and S stands for Latin sinister (left). R/S naming follows the  Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules: Locate the chiral or stereogenic center.Assign priority to each group based on the atomic number of the atom attached to the center, where 1 high and 4 low.Determine the direction of priority for the other three groups, in order of high to low priority (1 to 3).If the order is clockwise, then the center is R. If the order is counterclockwise, then the center is S. Although most of chemistry has switched over to the (S) and (R) designators for absolute stereochemistry of enantiomers, the amino acids are most commonly named using the (L) and (D) system. Isomerism of Natural Amino Acids All amino acids found in proteins occur in the L-configuration about the chiral carbon atom. The exception is glycine because it has two hydrogen atoms at the alpha carbon, which cannot be distinguished from each other except via radioisotope labeling. D-amino acids are not naturally found in proteins and are not involved in the metabolic pathways of eukaryotic organisms, although they are important in the structure and metabolism of bacteria. For example, D-glutamic acid  and D-alanine  are structural components of certain bacterial cell walls. Its believed D-serine may be able to act as a brain neurotransmitter. D-amino acids, where they exist in nature, are produced via post-translational modifications of the protein. Regarding the (S) and (R) nomenclature, nearly all amino acids in proteins are (S) at the alpha carbon. Cysteine is (R) and glycine is not chiral. The reason cysteine is different is that it has a sulfur atom at the second position of the side chain, which has a larger atomic number than that of the groups at the first carbon. Following the naming convention, this makes the molecule (R) rather than (S).

Principles of Self Management_Wk4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principles of Self Management_Wk4 - Essay Example The paper also lays emphasis on understanding relationships and the impact of preconceived notions on performance. This topic is very significant as it leads to better understanding of oneself and the environment. Myers and Briggs developed a mechanism for personality assessment. The elaborated on the distinctive traits developed by Jung and supplemented it with their own observations of psychometric procedures 9. MBTI incorporated a set of consistent but uncorrelated measures of: Extraversion-Introversion (EI), Sensing and intuition (SI), Thinking and Feeling (TF) also Judgment and Perception (JP) (McCrae & Costa, 1989). Each one of these indices is dichotomized to indicate a preference and a four letter code is provided to classify them. By means of numeric scores we can determine the strength of each of the preferences which lead to a type of classification upon computation of scores. My assessment of the MBTI self-scored personality assessment indicated that my personality type is ESTJ. An assessment of the â€Å"raw points† in the test indicated that I had a stranger preference for Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking and Judging. I also assessed my Preference Clarity Category which indicated the consistency with which I preferred one pole dichotomy over the other. Although my raw point ranges were moderate but my preference was SJET. Amongst the two types indicated at the end of the test, ESTJ falls in the â€Å"Sensing types†. The characteristics associated with the Sensing type show that I should be: practical, matter-of-fact, decisive and quick to implement decisions. I have a clear set of logical standards which I religiously follow and want other to do the same. I believe in reaching results efficiently and forceful in implementing my plans. The MBTI personality test has provided useful insights that will help me manage my personal and professional

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Book Review - Essay Example to the authors, a small group of remarkable leaders and scholars has been changing the world by influencing people’s behavior and they encourage the readers to be influencers. They maintain that it is essential to find vital behaviors as big problems succumb to changes in just few behaviors and that changing behavior requires changing minds. In the second part of the book, the authors deal with the six sources of influence to make change inevitable and they are personal motivation, personal ability, social motivation, social ability, structural motivation, and structural ability. Personal motivation is important to make the undesirables desirable and to overcome reluctance and resistance by connecting to values. Personal ability helps one in surpassing one’s limits and it is important to overinvest in learning how to master skills and emotions, because new behavior requires new skills. Social motivation is another important source of influence as it straps up peer press ures. Another significant factor is social ability which amplifies influence through just-in-time teamwork. Structural motivation and structural ability help one in designing rewards and demanding accountability and changing the environment. â€Å"There is a growing body of knowledge as well as impressive supply of real-life success stories that teach exactly how to change almost any human behavior. Read the scholarly works of Dr. Albert Bandura. Then watch what Dr. Mimi Silbert does at Delancey Street. These two influencers alone demonstrate that, if you know what you’re doing, you can indeed change remarkably resistant behavior.† (Patterson, Grenny, Maxfield, McMillan and Switzler, 2007, p 253). Therefore, Influencer: The Power to Change Anything is an essential book dealing with the strategies to develop influencers who can replace bad behaviors with powerful new skills, motivate others to change, and make things happen. In a reflective exploration of the book Influencer: The Power to Change

Exxonmobil Markets Its Products

Exxonmobil Markets Its Products Every firm follows specific marketing strategy to promote the company products in domestic and international market. ExxonMobil markets its products under the brands of Exxon, Mobil and Esso. Esso is the largest patrol retailer in the UK with around 1630 stations. Esso produces 10% of UK oil and gas. It also takes ownership in other subsidiaries every year to increase its presence in other countries and market. These are few general strategies out of various marketing strategy that each firm follows in order to promote their products successfully in the international market. Seven Ps of marketing is most important strategy to create better opportunity for a product. Segmentation: The seven Ps of marketing strategy is used to estimate and revaluate carry on the business activities of a firm. The seven Ps are- Product, price, promotion, people, place, process and physical evidence. Customers demand changes rapidly, the firm must revise their seven Ps to make sure the firm is on track and accomplishing the competitive advantage in the current competitive market. http://business-fundas.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/marketing-mix-7P.jpg Price: ExxonMobil has a various portfolio of businesses, it has different pricing strategy for different product. Though, the single most important factor of ExxonMobils pricing judgments is dynamics of oil prices on the international market. Fuel prices are determined by changes in the price of crude oil, supply and demand, fuel specifications, government rules, taxes and transportation cost (ExxonMobil, 2008, Factors in the fuel pricing). Products: Exxon Mobil Corporation is parent of Esso, Mobil and ExxonMobil companies, offers a variety of products and services. This firm boasts a full product cycle, from geological exploration and ending with oil related products to commercial and individual consumers. Places: The third P in the marketing mix is place, where the firm offers its products and services. ExxonMobil is a largest oil and gas company based in the US. ExxonMobil is largest company by revenue as per Time Fortune Global 500 list. ExxonMobil has around 37 oil refineries in 21 countries constituting a large combined daily refining capacity. It has 100,000 employees worldwide. Promotions: Promotion is most important strategy in this competitive market. Creating brands awareness among firm customers is the key to the companys success. Another focus for promotion is public relations. ExxonMobil runs programs targeted to worldwide health issues like malaria etc. ExxonMobil focuses in education is on math and science for success in todays high-tech world. ExxonMobil runs programs to create healthy and educated communities in which women have equal opportunity to play a valuable and productive role. They promote respect for human rights and to helping as a positive inspiration in the communities where they serve. They educate and train, purchase and invest in each community. They give contributions to non-profit organisations and social projects through wide range of joint venture and other agreements. They promote economic, environment and social growth worldwide. They promote wide range of charity and social activities. People: ExxonMobil always encourage and give attention towards the talented people who are strives hard for the success of the firm. They focus to retain talented employees by creating good working environments there by getting better outcome from the employees. The safety if their employees and contractors is the core commitment to operations integrity. They continue dedicated in their goal that nobody gets hurts. The safety drill of legacy ExxonMobil assets through year end 2011, did not meet their expectations. Due to this failure, they have increased emphasis on the avoidance of serious incidents. They arranged cross industry training efforts to study and implement new techniques. Process safety is framework for managing the integrity of operating systems by implementing good design principles, engineering and operating practices. Process: ExxonMobil is well positioned to take advantages of market changes and have unique experience in competitive markets. They focus on safe and effective process. They have particular team to manage safe process. Safety management stops the uncontrolled discharge of hydrocarbons and other harmful chemical substances to avoid major incidents with potential for serious injuries and fatalities and other impacts. They had 71 tier 1 process safety events during 2011. Their focus on process safety management across the firm remains constant, as they investigate, analyse and learn from these and implement. http://www.learnmarketing.net/extendedmarketingmix.jpg Physical evidences: Physical evidence is the component of the service mix which permits the consumer again to make judgement on the firm. Physical evidence is an essential ingredient of service mix. Consumers will make opinion based on their sight of the service provision which will have an influence on the firms perceptual plan of service. ExxonMobil delivers products and services using business to business model across three key segments- industrial and wholesale (1 million consumers), aviation (630 airports) and marine (180 ports). ExxonMobil is spending more than $100 million in a testing to develop a technology to make carbon capture and storage less costly. This firm follows a range of projects to increase energy efficiency. Targeting: ExxonMobil is always search for the new markets to improve its business volume. As a part of this ExxonMobil acquired Celtic Ltd in Oct 2012. ExxonMobil acquired 545,000 net acres in the Duvemay shale and additional acreage in the other areas of Alberta. This acquisition will add significant liquid- rich resources to their existing North American unconventional portfolio- said Andrew Barry, president of ExxonMobil Canada. ExxonMobil opened new services at the Hawkins Field in northeast Texas that will improve an additional 40 million barrels of oil equivalent, an amount equal to the annual energy requirements of more than 1 million Texas households. In Russia, ExxonMobil announced a $3.2 billion joint venture with Russian oil company Rosneft to develop two offshore oil fields- the east field in the Kara Sea and the Tuapse field in the black sea. ExxonMobil with Rosneft announced the range of Vostochniy Offshore structures construction yard to conduct a concept estimation and possibility study for a platform capable of safety exploring Kara Seas shallow waters. ExxonMobil has 70% ownership in Imperial oil. Positioning: SWOT analysis: ExxonMobil carry on to increase the portfolio and business mix through expanded revenue and strong research and development capability. Though, firms operation could seriously affected by instability in some oil producing regions. Strength: Capturing the premier quality exploration opportunities using its resources: ExxonMobil identify, evaluate and prioritize the highest quality assets opportunities using its geoscience ability and understanding of the global hydrocarbon potential. Strong research and development competency: ExxonMobil has great research and development capability. Diversified financial stream Weaknesses: Decreasing net liquids manufacturing and oil reserves Litigation and contingencies High obligation Opportunities: Demand of shale gas: Growing global energy demand: Strategic collaboration with Rosneft Threats: Threats about unpredictability in some oil producing regions Environmental regulations Economic conditions Recommendations:

The Best Tour I’ve Ever Had

As a 11 years old kid, I have had many vacations before. Those vacations include trips to Spain, Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea and many other places. Pictures of volcanoes, oceans, Islands were taken. Each of them represents an amazing vacation that I had. However, none of them can be compared to the â€Å"Winter vacation, the one to Alaska by cruise. This trip left me a fantastic memory. I favor the vacation to Alaska. We had a chance to watch the whales in the ocean. I had desired to watch the whales in Juneau. I was so excited that I almost dropped my telescope into the deep, blue water. I could see a whale flipping in the water.It plashed the waves with its huge, flat tail and dived into the water. The captain drove the boat closer to the whales. One of them Jumped out in a curved position. As it dived into the water, its tails waved back and forth. Water was splashed out on the top of a blue whale's head. Looking there from the telescope, it looked like a fountain. This trip was extra-entertaining because I went dog sledding with the huskies. I remember the cold day when snow was falling from the sky, piling up on the ground. My parents and I went to a snow-covered mountain at Skagway. We went there by helicopter. The dog-sledding part was so entertaining.At first I held on to the handles steadily, but soon I became bored. I stuck my feet into the snow. I didn't notice it when the musher speeded up the sled. I fell on my belly. I held on to the handles with my hand and screamed. It was an enjoyable experience even though I got myself totally wet. Another beauty of this trip is that I went to Alaska by cruise. Sometimes on a vacation, I would want to sit back and rest. The cruise provided dfferent shows and exercises for us. Basically every night I went to watch a show or a concert. There was a pool on the 12th deck. I could go swimming any time I wanted to.The freezing cold water penetrated me, but I still went swimming once a while. I had a relaxing ti me on board. This trip was absolutely enjoyable. I never had such a trip that satisfied me. I'll never forget the excitement of whale watching, dog sledding and the relaxing time on board. This is definitely the best trip ever! The Best Tour I've Ever Had By Limandan volcanoes, oceans, islands were taken. Each of them represents an amazing vacation that I had. However, none of them can be compared to the â€Å"Winter† vacation, the one I would want to sit back and rest. The cruise provided different shows and exercises

Battle of Crecy in the The Hundred Years War

The Battle of Crà ©cy was fought August 26, 1346, during the Hundred Years War (1337-1453). Landing in 1346, Edward III of England sought to conduct a large-scale raid through northern France in support of his claim to the French throne. Moving through Normandy, he turned north and was engaged by the Philip VIs army at Crecy on August 26. The fighting saw Italian crossbowmen driven from the field by Edwards longbow-equipped archers. Subsequent charges by the Philips mounted knights were similarly defeated with heavy losses. The victory crippled the French aristocracy and allowed Edward to advance and capture Calais. Background Largely a dynastic struggle for the French throne, the Hundred Years War began following the death of Philip IV and his sons, Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV. This ended the Capetian Dynasty which had ruled France since 987.  As no direct male heir lived, Edward III of England, Philip IVs grandson by his daughter Isabella, pressed his claim to the throne. This was rejected by the French nobility who preferred Philip IVs nephew, Philip of Valois. Crowned Philip  VI in 1328, he called for Edward to do homage to him for the valuable  fief of Gascony. Though initially unwilling to this,  Edward relented and accepted Philip as King of France in 1331 in return for continued  control over Gascony. By doing so, he surrendered his rightful claim  to the throne. In 1337, Philip VI revoked Edward IIIs control of Gascony and commenced raiding the English coast. In response, Edward reasserted his claims to the French throne and began building alliances with the nobles of Flanders and the Low Countries.   The War Begins In 1340, Edward scored a decisive naval victory at Sluys which gave England control of the Channel for the duration of the war. This was followed by an invasion of the Low Countries and an abortive siege of Cambrai. After plundering Picardy, Edward withdrew back to England to raise funds for future campaigns as well as to deal with the Scots who had used his absence to mount a series of raids across the border. Six years later, having assembled around 15,000 men and 750 ships at Portsmouth, he again planned to invade France.   Edward III. Public Domain A Return to France Sailing for Normandy, Edward landed on the Cotentin Peninsula that July. Quickly capturing Caen on July 26, he moved east towards the Seine. Alerted that King Philip VI was assembling a large army in Paris, Edward turned north and began moving along the coast. Pressing on, he crossed the Somme after winning the Battle of Blanchetaque on August 24. Tired from their endeavors, the English army encamped near the Forest of Crà ©cy. Eager to defeat the English and angry that he had failed to trap them between the Seine and Somme, Philip raced towards Crà ©cy with his men. The English Command Alerted to the approach of the French army, Edward deployed his men along a ridge between the villages of Crà ©cy and Wadicourt. Dividing his army, he assigned command of the right division to his sixteen-year old son Edward, the Black Prince with assistance from the Earls of Oxford and Warwick, as well as Sir John Chandos. The left division was led by the Earl of Northampton, while Edward, commanding from a vantage point in a windmill, retained leadership of the reserve. These divisions were supported by large numbers of archers equipped with the English longbow. Battle of Crecy Conflict: Hundred Years War (1337-1453)Date: August 26, 1346Armies and Commanders:EnglandEdward IIIEdward, the Black Prince12,000-16,000 menFrancePhilip VI20,000-80,000 menCasualties:1English: 00-300 killedFrench: around 13,000-14,000 Preparing for Battle While waiting for the French to arrive, the English busied themselves by digging ditches and laying out caltrops in front of their position. Advancing north from Abbeyville, the lead elements of Philips army arrived near the English lines around mid-day on August 26. Scouting the enemy position, they recommended to Philip that they encamp, rest, and wait for the entire army to arrive. While Philip agreed with this approach, he was overruled by his nobles who wished to attack the English without delay. Quickly forming for battle, the French did not wait for the bulk of their infantry or supply train to arrive (Map). The French Advance Advancing with Antonio Doria and Carlo Grimaldis Genoese crossbowmen in the lead, the French knights followed with lines led by the Duke D’Alencon, Duke of Lorraine, and Count of Blois, while Philip commanded the rearguard. Moving to the attack, the crossbowmen fired a series of volleys at the English. These proved ineffective as a brief thunderstorm before the battle had wet and slackened the crossbowstrings. The English archers on the other hand had simply untied their bowstrings during the storm. Death from Above This coupled with the longbows ability to fire every five seconds gave the English archers a dramatic advantage over the crossbowmen who could only get off one to two shots per minute. The Genoese position was worsened by the fact that in the rush to battle their pervises (shields to hide behind while reloading) had not been brought forward. Coming under devastating fire from Edwards archers, the Genoese began withdrawing. Angered by the crossbowmens retreat, the French knights fired insults at them and even cut several down. Charging forward, the French front lines fell into confusion as they collided with the retreating Genoese. As the two bodies of men tried to move past each other they came under fire from the English archers and five early cannon (some sources debate their presence). Continuing the attack, the French knights were forced to negotiate the slope of the ridge and the man-made obstacles. Cut down in large numbers by the archers, the felled knights and their horses blocked the advance of those to the rear. During this time, Edward received a message from his son requesting aid. Edward III counting the dead on the battlefield of Crà ©cy. Public Domain   Upon learning that the younger Edward was healthy, the king refused stating â€Å"I am confident he will repel the enemy without my help, and Let the boy win his spurs. As evening approached the English line held, repelling sixteen French charges. Each time, the English archers brought down the attacking knights. With darkness falling, a wounded Philip, recognizing he had been defeated, ordered a retreat and fell back to the castle at La Boyes. Aftermath The Battle of Crà ©cy was one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years War and established the superiority of the longbow against mounted knights. In the fighting, Edward lost between 100-300 killed, while Philip suffered around 13,000-14,000 (some sources indicate it may have been as high as 30,000). Among the French losses were the heart of the nations nobility including the Duke of Lorraine, Count of Blois, and the Count of Flanders, as well as John, King of Bohemia and the King of Majorca. In addition eight other counts and three archbishops were slain. In the wake of the battle, the Black Prince paid tribute to the nearly blind King John of Bohemia, who had fought valiantly before being slain, by taking his shield and making it his own. Having earned his spurs, the Black Prince became one of his fathers best field commanders and won a stunning victory at Poitiers in 1356. Following the victory at Crà ©cy, Edward continued north and laid siege to Calais. The city fell the next year and became a key English base for the remainder of the conflict.