Unconscious Mind essays

Unconscious Mind essays The unconscious or subconscious mind, according to classical Freudian psychoanalysis, is a part of the mind that stores repressed memories. Sigmund Freud believed that the unconscious can be found in dreams and fantasies; and forced us to recognize that unconscious factors are significant determinants of human behavior. Since Freud studied mainly women, those unconscious factors usually were sexual traumas during early childhood. Many of his followers looked up to him and improvised on his ideas, but felt that he focused too much on sexual traumas. One of which is Carl Jung, who felt that Freud did not elaborate enough on his view of the psyche. Jung added 'collective' to unconscious mind, he believed that "...the personal, unconscious life of the individual rested on a deeper and more universal layer of the human psyche,..." (Fiero, 30). In one of his best works, The Collective Unconscious, he explains his theory on the unconscious mind. The concept of the unconscious mind ca n also be found in: Franz Kafka's, The Metamorphosis, my own dream, My Death, and a painting by Leyla Bruderlin and James Durant, Emotions. Kafka uses a strong image to symbolize the contents of his characters unconscious mind. In my dream, my death becomes the symbol of the unconscious mind; and lastly in the painting Emotions, different images, shapes, and colors signify all the emotions hidden in the unconscious mind. Franz Kafka is another prominent writer of the twentieth century. In his work, The Metamorphosis, the image of an insect symbolizes issues of the unconscious mind. Kafka uses this representation to show that Gregor Samsa has problems that lie deep within his subconscious. So deep, he does not even know about them. One morning Gregor awakes and notices he has been transformed into an insect. Gregor does not seem to be too worried about his state, but dwells on the fact that he should have been at work hours ago. Gregors mother...

How Amino Acid Chirality Works

How Amino Acid Chirality Works Amino acids (except for  glycine) have a  chiral  carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group (CO2-). This chiral center allows for stereoisomerism. The amino acids form two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other. The structures are not superimposable on each other, much like your left and right hands. These mirror images are termed  enantiomers. D/L and R/S Naming Conventions for Amino Acid Chirality There are two important nomenclature systems for enantiomers. The D/L system is based on optical activity and refers to the Latin words dexter for right and laevus for left, reflecting left- and right-handedness of the chemical structures. An amino acid with the dexter configuration  (dextrorotary) would be named with a () or D prefix, such as ()-serine or D-serine. An amino acid having the laevus configuration  (levorotary) would be prefaced with a (-) or L, such as (-)-serine or L-serine. Here are the steps to determine whether an amino acid is the D or L enantiomer: Draw the molecule as a Fischer projection with the carboxylic acid group on top and side chain on the bottom. (The amine group will not be at the top or bottom.)If the amine group is located on the right side of the carbon chain, the compound is D. If the amine group is on the left side, the molecule is L.If you wish to draw the enantiomer of a given amino acid, simply draw its mirror image. The R/S notation is similar, where R stands for Latin rectus (right, proper, or straight) and S stands for Latin sinister (left). R/S naming follows the  Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules: Locate the chiral or stereogenic center.Assign priority to each group based on the atomic number of the atom attached to the center, where 1 high and 4 low.Determine the direction of priority for the other three groups, in order of high to low priority (1 to 3).If the order is clockwise, then the center is R. If the order is counterclockwise, then the center is S. Although most of chemistry has switched over to the (S) and (R) designators for absolute stereochemistry of enantiomers, the amino acids are most commonly named using the (L) and (D) system. Isomerism of Natural Amino Acids All amino acids found in proteins occur in the L-configuration about the chiral carbon atom. The exception is glycine because it has two hydrogen atoms at the alpha carbon, which cannot be distinguished from each other except via radioisotope labeling. D-amino acids are not naturally found in proteins and are not involved in the metabolic pathways of eukaryotic organisms, although they are important in the structure and metabolism of bacteria. For example, D-glutamic acid  and D-alanine  are structural components of certain bacterial cell walls. Its believed D-serine may be able to act as a brain neurotransmitter. D-amino acids, where they exist in nature, are produced via post-translational modifications of the protein. Regarding the (S) and (R) nomenclature, nearly all amino acids in proteins are (S) at the alpha carbon. Cysteine is (R) and glycine is not chiral. The reason cysteine is different is that it has a sulfur atom at the second position of the side chain, which has a larger atomic number than that of the groups at the first carbon. Following the naming convention, this makes the molecule (R) rather than (S).

Principles of Self Management_Wk4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principles of Self Management_Wk4 - Essay Example The paper also lays emphasis on understanding relationships and the impact of preconceived notions on performance. This topic is very significant as it leads to better understanding of oneself and the environment. Myers and Briggs developed a mechanism for personality assessment. The elaborated on the distinctive traits developed by Jung and supplemented it with their own observations of psychometric procedures 9. MBTI incorporated a set of consistent but uncorrelated measures of: Extraversion-Introversion (EI), Sensing and intuition (SI), Thinking and Feeling (TF) also Judgment and Perception (JP) (McCrae & Costa, 1989). Each one of these indices is dichotomized to indicate a preference and a four letter code is provided to classify them. By means of numeric scores we can determine the strength of each of the preferences which lead to a type of classification upon computation of scores. My assessment of the MBTI self-scored personality assessment indicated that my personality type is ESTJ. An assessment of the â€Å"raw points† in the test indicated that I had a stranger preference for Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking and Judging. I also assessed my Preference Clarity Category which indicated the consistency with which I preferred one pole dichotomy over the other. Although my raw point ranges were moderate but my preference was SJET. Amongst the two types indicated at the end of the test, ESTJ falls in the â€Å"Sensing types†. The characteristics associated with the Sensing type show that I should be: practical, matter-of-fact, decisive and quick to implement decisions. I have a clear set of logical standards which I religiously follow and want other to do the same. I believe in reaching results efficiently and forceful in implementing my plans. The MBTI personality test has provided useful insights that will help me manage my personal and professional

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Book Review - Essay Example to the authors, a small group of remarkable leaders and scholars has been changing the world by influencing people’s behavior and they encourage the readers to be influencers. They maintain that it is essential to find vital behaviors as big problems succumb to changes in just few behaviors and that changing behavior requires changing minds. In the second part of the book, the authors deal with the six sources of influence to make change inevitable and they are personal motivation, personal ability, social motivation, social ability, structural motivation, and structural ability. Personal motivation is important to make the undesirables desirable and to overcome reluctance and resistance by connecting to values. Personal ability helps one in surpassing one’s limits and it is important to overinvest in learning how to master skills and emotions, because new behavior requires new skills. Social motivation is another important source of influence as it straps up peer press ures. Another significant factor is social ability which amplifies influence through just-in-time teamwork. Structural motivation and structural ability help one in designing rewards and demanding accountability and changing the environment. â€Å"There is a growing body of knowledge as well as impressive supply of real-life success stories that teach exactly how to change almost any human behavior. Read the scholarly works of Dr. Albert Bandura. Then watch what Dr. Mimi Silbert does at Delancey Street. These two influencers alone demonstrate that, if you know what you’re doing, you can indeed change remarkably resistant behavior.† (Patterson, Grenny, Maxfield, McMillan and Switzler, 2007, p 253). Therefore, Influencer: The Power to Change Anything is an essential book dealing with the strategies to develop influencers who can replace bad behaviors with powerful new skills, motivate others to change, and make things happen. In a reflective exploration of the book Influencer: The Power to Change

Exxonmobil Markets Its Products

Exxonmobil Markets Its Products Every firm follows specific marketing strategy to promote the company products in domestic and international market. ExxonMobil markets its products under the brands of Exxon, Mobil and Esso. Esso is the largest patrol retailer in the UK with around 1630 stations. Esso produces 10% of UK oil and gas. It also takes ownership in other subsidiaries every year to increase its presence in other countries and market. These are few general strategies out of various marketing strategy that each firm follows in order to promote their products successfully in the international market. Seven Ps of marketing is most important strategy to create better opportunity for a product. Segmentation: The seven Ps of marketing strategy is used to estimate and revaluate carry on the business activities of a firm. The seven Ps are- Product, price, promotion, people, place, process and physical evidence. Customers demand changes rapidly, the firm must revise their seven Ps to make sure the firm is on track and accomplishing the competitive advantage in the current competitive market. http://business-fundas.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/marketing-mix-7P.jpg Price: ExxonMobil has a various portfolio of businesses, it has different pricing strategy for different product. Though, the single most important factor of ExxonMobils pricing judgments is dynamics of oil prices on the international market. Fuel prices are determined by changes in the price of crude oil, supply and demand, fuel specifications, government rules, taxes and transportation cost (ExxonMobil, 2008, Factors in the fuel pricing). Products: Exxon Mobil Corporation is parent of Esso, Mobil and ExxonMobil companies, offers a variety of products and services. This firm boasts a full product cycle, from geological exploration and ending with oil related products to commercial and individual consumers. Places: The third P in the marketing mix is place, where the firm offers its products and services. ExxonMobil is a largest oil and gas company based in the US. ExxonMobil is largest company by revenue as per Time Fortune Global 500 list. ExxonMobil has around 37 oil refineries in 21 countries constituting a large combined daily refining capacity. It has 100,000 employees worldwide. Promotions: Promotion is most important strategy in this competitive market. Creating brands awareness among firm customers is the key to the companys success. Another focus for promotion is public relations. ExxonMobil runs programs targeted to worldwide health issues like malaria etc. ExxonMobil focuses in education is on math and science for success in todays high-tech world. ExxonMobil runs programs to create healthy and educated communities in which women have equal opportunity to play a valuable and productive role. They promote respect for human rights and to helping as a positive inspiration in the communities where they serve. They educate and train, purchase and invest in each community. They give contributions to non-profit organisations and social projects through wide range of joint venture and other agreements. They promote economic, environment and social growth worldwide. They promote wide range of charity and social activities. People: ExxonMobil always encourage and give attention towards the talented people who are strives hard for the success of the firm. They focus to retain talented employees by creating good working environments there by getting better outcome from the employees. The safety if their employees and contractors is the core commitment to operations integrity. They continue dedicated in their goal that nobody gets hurts. The safety drill of legacy ExxonMobil assets through year end 2011, did not meet their expectations. Due to this failure, they have increased emphasis on the avoidance of serious incidents. They arranged cross industry training efforts to study and implement new techniques. Process safety is framework for managing the integrity of operating systems by implementing good design principles, engineering and operating practices. Process: ExxonMobil is well positioned to take advantages of market changes and have unique experience in competitive markets. They focus on safe and effective process. They have particular team to manage safe process. Safety management stops the uncontrolled discharge of hydrocarbons and other harmful chemical substances to avoid major incidents with potential for serious injuries and fatalities and other impacts. They had 71 tier 1 process safety events during 2011. Their focus on process safety management across the firm remains constant, as they investigate, analyse and learn from these and implement. http://www.learnmarketing.net/extendedmarketingmix.jpg Physical evidences: Physical evidence is the component of the service mix which permits the consumer again to make judgement on the firm. Physical evidence is an essential ingredient of service mix. Consumers will make opinion based on their sight of the service provision which will have an influence on the firms perceptual plan of service. ExxonMobil delivers products and services using business to business model across three key segments- industrial and wholesale (1 million consumers), aviation (630 airports) and marine (180 ports). ExxonMobil is spending more than $100 million in a testing to develop a technology to make carbon capture and storage less costly. This firm follows a range of projects to increase energy efficiency. Targeting: ExxonMobil is always search for the new markets to improve its business volume. As a part of this ExxonMobil acquired Celtic Ltd in Oct 2012. ExxonMobil acquired 545,000 net acres in the Duvemay shale and additional acreage in the other areas of Alberta. This acquisition will add significant liquid- rich resources to their existing North American unconventional portfolio- said Andrew Barry, president of ExxonMobil Canada. ExxonMobil opened new services at the Hawkins Field in northeast Texas that will improve an additional 40 million barrels of oil equivalent, an amount equal to the annual energy requirements of more than 1 million Texas households. In Russia, ExxonMobil announced a $3.2 billion joint venture with Russian oil company Rosneft to develop two offshore oil fields- the east field in the Kara Sea and the Tuapse field in the black sea. ExxonMobil with Rosneft announced the range of Vostochniy Offshore structures construction yard to conduct a concept estimation and possibility study for a platform capable of safety exploring Kara Seas shallow waters. ExxonMobil has 70% ownership in Imperial oil. Positioning: SWOT analysis: ExxonMobil carry on to increase the portfolio and business mix through expanded revenue and strong research and development capability. Though, firms operation could seriously affected by instability in some oil producing regions. Strength: Capturing the premier quality exploration opportunities using its resources: ExxonMobil identify, evaluate and prioritize the highest quality assets opportunities using its geoscience ability and understanding of the global hydrocarbon potential. Strong research and development competency: ExxonMobil has great research and development capability. Diversified financial stream Weaknesses: Decreasing net liquids manufacturing and oil reserves Litigation and contingencies High obligation Opportunities: Demand of shale gas: Growing global energy demand: Strategic collaboration with Rosneft Threats: Threats about unpredictability in some oil producing regions Environmental regulations Economic conditions Recommendations:

The Best Tour I’ve Ever Had

As a 11 years old kid, I have had many vacations before. Those vacations include trips to Spain, Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea and many other places. Pictures of volcanoes, oceans, Islands were taken. Each of them represents an amazing vacation that I had. However, none of them can be compared to the â€Å"Winter vacation, the one to Alaska by cruise. This trip left me a fantastic memory. I favor the vacation to Alaska. We had a chance to watch the whales in the ocean. I had desired to watch the whales in Juneau. I was so excited that I almost dropped my telescope into the deep, blue water. I could see a whale flipping in the water.It plashed the waves with its huge, flat tail and dived into the water. The captain drove the boat closer to the whales. One of them Jumped out in a curved position. As it dived into the water, its tails waved back and forth. Water was splashed out on the top of a blue whale's head. Looking there from the telescope, it looked like a fountain. This trip was extra-entertaining because I went dog sledding with the huskies. I remember the cold day when snow was falling from the sky, piling up on the ground. My parents and I went to a snow-covered mountain at Skagway. We went there by helicopter. The dog-sledding part was so entertaining.At first I held on to the handles steadily, but soon I became bored. I stuck my feet into the snow. I didn't notice it when the musher speeded up the sled. I fell on my belly. I held on to the handles with my hand and screamed. It was an enjoyable experience even though I got myself totally wet. Another beauty of this trip is that I went to Alaska by cruise. Sometimes on a vacation, I would want to sit back and rest. The cruise provided dfferent shows and exercises for us. Basically every night I went to watch a show or a concert. There was a pool on the 12th deck. I could go swimming any time I wanted to.The freezing cold water penetrated me, but I still went swimming once a while. I had a relaxing ti me on board. This trip was absolutely enjoyable. I never had such a trip that satisfied me. I'll never forget the excitement of whale watching, dog sledding and the relaxing time on board. This is definitely the best trip ever! The Best Tour I've Ever Had By Limandan volcanoes, oceans, islands were taken. Each of them represents an amazing vacation that I had. However, none of them can be compared to the â€Å"Winter† vacation, the one I would want to sit back and rest. The cruise provided different shows and exercises

Battle of Crecy in the The Hundred Years War

The Battle of Crà ©cy was fought August 26, 1346, during the Hundred Years War (1337-1453). Landing in 1346, Edward III of England sought to conduct a large-scale raid through northern France in support of his claim to the French throne. Moving through Normandy, he turned north and was engaged by the Philip VIs army at Crecy on August 26. The fighting saw Italian crossbowmen driven from the field by Edwards longbow-equipped archers. Subsequent charges by the Philips mounted knights were similarly defeated with heavy losses. The victory crippled the French aristocracy and allowed Edward to advance and capture Calais. Background Largely a dynastic struggle for the French throne, the Hundred Years War began following the death of Philip IV and his sons, Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV. This ended the Capetian Dynasty which had ruled France since 987.  As no direct male heir lived, Edward III of England, Philip IVs grandson by his daughter Isabella, pressed his claim to the throne. This was rejected by the French nobility who preferred Philip IVs nephew, Philip of Valois. Crowned Philip  VI in 1328, he called for Edward to do homage to him for the valuable  fief of Gascony. Though initially unwilling to this,  Edward relented and accepted Philip as King of France in 1331 in return for continued  control over Gascony. By doing so, he surrendered his rightful claim  to the throne. In 1337, Philip VI revoked Edward IIIs control of Gascony and commenced raiding the English coast. In response, Edward reasserted his claims to the French throne and began building alliances with the nobles of Flanders and the Low Countries.   The War Begins In 1340, Edward scored a decisive naval victory at Sluys which gave England control of the Channel for the duration of the war. This was followed by an invasion of the Low Countries and an abortive siege of Cambrai. After plundering Picardy, Edward withdrew back to England to raise funds for future campaigns as well as to deal with the Scots who had used his absence to mount a series of raids across the border. Six years later, having assembled around 15,000 men and 750 ships at Portsmouth, he again planned to invade France.   Edward III. Public Domain A Return to France Sailing for Normandy, Edward landed on the Cotentin Peninsula that July. Quickly capturing Caen on July 26, he moved east towards the Seine. Alerted that King Philip VI was assembling a large army in Paris, Edward turned north and began moving along the coast. Pressing on, he crossed the Somme after winning the Battle of Blanchetaque on August 24. Tired from their endeavors, the English army encamped near the Forest of Crà ©cy. Eager to defeat the English and angry that he had failed to trap them between the Seine and Somme, Philip raced towards Crà ©cy with his men. The English Command Alerted to the approach of the French army, Edward deployed his men along a ridge between the villages of Crà ©cy and Wadicourt. Dividing his army, he assigned command of the right division to his sixteen-year old son Edward, the Black Prince with assistance from the Earls of Oxford and Warwick, as well as Sir John Chandos. The left division was led by the Earl of Northampton, while Edward, commanding from a vantage point in a windmill, retained leadership of the reserve. These divisions were supported by large numbers of archers equipped with the English longbow. Battle of Crecy Conflict: Hundred Years War (1337-1453)Date: August 26, 1346Armies and Commanders:EnglandEdward IIIEdward, the Black Prince12,000-16,000 menFrancePhilip VI20,000-80,000 menCasualties:1English: 00-300 killedFrench: around 13,000-14,000 Preparing for Battle While waiting for the French to arrive, the English busied themselves by digging ditches and laying out caltrops in front of their position. Advancing north from Abbeyville, the lead elements of Philips army arrived near the English lines around mid-day on August 26. Scouting the enemy position, they recommended to Philip that they encamp, rest, and wait for the entire army to arrive. While Philip agreed with this approach, he was overruled by his nobles who wished to attack the English without delay. Quickly forming for battle, the French did not wait for the bulk of their infantry or supply train to arrive (Map). The French Advance Advancing with Antonio Doria and Carlo Grimaldis Genoese crossbowmen in the lead, the French knights followed with lines led by the Duke D’Alencon, Duke of Lorraine, and Count of Blois, while Philip commanded the rearguard. Moving to the attack, the crossbowmen fired a series of volleys at the English. These proved ineffective as a brief thunderstorm before the battle had wet and slackened the crossbowstrings. The English archers on the other hand had simply untied their bowstrings during the storm. Death from Above This coupled with the longbows ability to fire every five seconds gave the English archers a dramatic advantage over the crossbowmen who could only get off one to two shots per minute. The Genoese position was worsened by the fact that in the rush to battle their pervises (shields to hide behind while reloading) had not been brought forward. Coming under devastating fire from Edwards archers, the Genoese began withdrawing. Angered by the crossbowmens retreat, the French knights fired insults at them and even cut several down. Charging forward, the French front lines fell into confusion as they collided with the retreating Genoese. As the two bodies of men tried to move past each other they came under fire from the English archers and five early cannon (some sources debate their presence). Continuing the attack, the French knights were forced to negotiate the slope of the ridge and the man-made obstacles. Cut down in large numbers by the archers, the felled knights and their horses blocked the advance of those to the rear. During this time, Edward received a message from his son requesting aid. Edward III counting the dead on the battlefield of Crà ©cy. Public Domain   Upon learning that the younger Edward was healthy, the king refused stating â€Å"I am confident he will repel the enemy without my help, and Let the boy win his spurs. As evening approached the English line held, repelling sixteen French charges. Each time, the English archers brought down the attacking knights. With darkness falling, a wounded Philip, recognizing he had been defeated, ordered a retreat and fell back to the castle at La Boyes. Aftermath The Battle of Crà ©cy was one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years War and established the superiority of the longbow against mounted knights. In the fighting, Edward lost between 100-300 killed, while Philip suffered around 13,000-14,000 (some sources indicate it may have been as high as 30,000). Among the French losses were the heart of the nations nobility including the Duke of Lorraine, Count of Blois, and the Count of Flanders, as well as John, King of Bohemia and the King of Majorca. In addition eight other counts and three archbishops were slain. In the wake of the battle, the Black Prince paid tribute to the nearly blind King John of Bohemia, who had fought valiantly before being slain, by taking his shield and making it his own. Having earned his spurs, the Black Prince became one of his fathers best field commanders and won a stunning victory at Poitiers in 1356. Following the victory at Crà ©cy, Edward continued north and laid siege to Calais. The city fell the next year and became a key English base for the remainder of the conflict.